Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology
Volume 24, Issue 1 , Pages 121-131 , March 2010

Regional anaesthesia and anticoagulation

  • Erik Vandermeulen, MD, PhD (Staff Anaesthetist)

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationTel.: +3216344270; Fax: +3216344245.

References 

  1. Ruppen W, Derry S, McQuay HJ, Moore RA. Incidence of epidural haematoma and neurological injury in cardiovascular patients with epidural analgesia/anaesthesia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiology. 2006;6:10
  2. Vandermeulen EP, Van Aken H, Vermylen J. Anticoagulants and spinal-epidural anesthesia. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 1994;79:1165–1177
  3. Lee LA, Posner KL, Domino KB, et al. Injuries associated with regional anesthesia in the 1980s and 1990s: a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology. 2004 Jul;101(1):143–152
  4. Tryba M. Epidural regional anesthesia and low molecular heparin: pro. Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 1993;28:179–181[German]
  5. Horlocker TT, Heit JA. Low molecular weight heparin: biochemistry, pharmacology, perioperative prophylaxis regimens, and guidelines for regional anesthetic management. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 1997;85(4):874–885
  6. Schroeder DR. Statistics: detecting a rare adverse drug reaction using spontaneous reports. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 1998 Nov–Dec;23(6 (Suppl 2)):183–189
  7. Cameron CM, Scott DA, McDonald WM, Davies MJ. A review of neuraxial epidural morbidity: experience of more than 8,000 cases at a single teaching hospital. Anesthesiology. 2007 May;106(5):997–1002
  8. Christie IW, McCabe S. Major complications of epidural analgesia after surgery: results of a six-year survey. Anaesthesia. 2007 Apr;62(4):335–341
  9. Cook TM, Counsell D, Wildsmith JA. Major complications of central neuraxial block: report on the third national audit project of the royal college of anaesthetists. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2009 Feb;102(2):179–190
  10. Moen V, Dahlgren N, Irestedt L. Severe neurological complications after central neuraxial blockades in Sweden 1990–1999. Anesthesiology. 2004 Oct;101(4):950–959
  11. Ruppen W, Derry S, McQuay H, Moore RA. Incidence of epidural hematoma, infection, and neurologic injury in obstetric patients with epidural analgesia/anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2006 Aug;105(2):394–399
  12. Vandermeulen E. Is anticoagulation and central neural blockade a safe combination. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 1999;12:539–543
  13. Wulf H. Epidural anaesthesia and spinal hematoma. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 1996;43(12):1260–1271
  14. Meikle J, Bird S, Nightingale JJ, White N. Detection and management of epidural haematomas related to anaesthesia in the UK: a national survey of current practice. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2008 Sep;101(3):400–404
  15. Lawton MT, Porter RW, Heiserman JE, et al. Surgical management of spinal epidural hematoma: relationship between surgical timing and neurological outcome. Journal of Neurosurgery. 1995 Jul;83(1):1–7
  16. Llau JV, Andres JD, Gomar C, et al. Anticlotting drugs and regional anaesthetic and analgesic techniques: comparative update of the safety recommendations. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2007 May;24(5):387–398
  17. Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Medicine. 2006 Nov;3(11):e442
  18. Rosencher N, Bonnet MP, Sessler DI. Selected new antithrombotic agents and neuraxial anaesthesia for major orthopaedic surgery: management strategies. Anaesthesia. 2007 Nov;62(11):1154–1160
  19. Ruff RL, Dougherty JH. Complications of lumbar puncture followed by anticoagulation. Stroke. 1981 Nov–Dec;12(6):879–881
  20. Stafford-Smith M. Impaired haemostasis and regional anaesthesia. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 1996;43(5 Pt 2):R129–141
  21. Sanderink GJ, Guimart CG, Ozoux ML, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the prophylactic dose of enoxaparin once daily over 4 days in patients with renal impairment. Thrombosis Research. 2002 Feb 1;105(3):225–231
  22. Douketis JD, Berger PB, Dunn AS, et al. The perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: american college of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th ed.). Chest. 2008 Jun;133(6 Suppl):299S–339S
  23. Ibbotson T, Perry CM. Danaparoid: a review of its use in thromboembolic and coagulation disorders. Drugs. 2002;62(15):2283–2314
  24. Wilde MI, Markham A. Danaparoid. A review of its pharmacology and clinical use in the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Drugs. 1997 Dec;54(6):903–924
  25. Acostamadiedo JM, Iyer UG, Owen J. Danaparoid sodium. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2000 May;1(4):803–814
  26. Sanofi-Synthelabo , Organon N. Org31540/SR90107A. Clinical Investigator Brochure. April 2001;
  27. Boneu B, Necciari J, Cariou R, et al. Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of the natural pentasaccharide (SR90107/Org31540) with high affinity to antithrombin III in man. Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 1995 Dec;74(6):1468–1473
  28. Kwong LM, Muntz JE. Thromboprophylaxis dosing: the relationship between timing of first administration, efficacy, and safety. The American Journal of Orthopedics. 2002 Nov;31(11 Suppl):16–20
  29. Singelyn FJ, Verheyen CC, Piovella F, et al. The safety and efficacy of extended thromboprophylaxis with fondaparinux after major orthopedic surgery of the lower limb with or without a neuraxial or deep peripheral nerve catheter: the EXPERT Study. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2007 Dec;105(6):1540–1547table of contents
  30. Warkentin TE, Maurer BT, Aster RH. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia associated with fondaparinux. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2007 Jun 21;356(25):2653–2655discussion 2653–2655
  31. Rota E, Bazzan M, Fantino G. Fondaparinux-related thrombocytopenia in a previous low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH)-induced heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2008 Apr;99(4):779–781
  32. Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, Koster A, Lincoff AM. Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: american college of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th ed.). Chest. 2008 Jun;133(6 Suppl):340S–380S
  33. Eriksson BI, Borris LC, Friedman RJ, et al. Rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after hip arthroplasty. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2008 Jun 26;358(26):2765–2775
  34. FDA . FDA Advisory Committee Briefing Document. [cited 2009 31/03/2009]; Available from: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/09/briefing/2009-4418b1-01-FDA.pdf2009;
  35. Bayer . Xarelto – summary of product characteristics. [updated 16-02-200922-03-2009]; Available from: http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/xarelto/H-944-PI-en.pdf2009;
  36. Kubitza D, Becka M, Wensing G, et al. Safety, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of BAY 59–7939–an oral, direct Factor Xa inhibitor–after multiple dosing in healthy male subjects. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2005 Dec;61(12):873–880
  37. Greinacher A, Lubenow N. Recombinant hirudin in clinical practice: focus on lepirudin. Circulation. 2001 Mar 13;103(10):1479–1484
  38. Lubenow N, Greinacher A. Hirudin in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 2002 Oct;28(5):431–438
  39. Greinacher A. Lepirudin: a bivalent direct thrombin inhibitor for anticoagulation therapy. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 2004 May;2(3):339–357
  40. Robson R, White H, Aylward P, Frampton C. Bivalirudin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: effect of renal function, dose, and gender. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2002 Jun;71(6):433–439
  41. Chew DP, Bhatt DL, Kimball W, et al. Bivalirudin provides increasing benefit with decreasing renal function: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. American Journal of Cardiology. 2003 Oct 15;92(8):919–923
  42. Warkentin TE, Crowther MA. Reversing anticoagulants both old and new. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2002 Jun–Jul;49(6):S11–25
  43. Eichler P, Friesen HJ, Lubenow N, et al. Antihirudin antibodies in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia treated with lepirudin: incidence, effects on aPTT, and clinical relevance. Blood. 2000 Oct 1;96(7):2373–2378
  44. Kaplan KL. Direct thrombin inhibitors. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2003 May;4(5):653–666
  45. Kathiresan S, Shiomura J, Jang IK. Argatroban. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. 2002 Feb;13(1):41–47
  46. Fenyvesi T, Jorg I, Harenberg J. Monitoring of anticoagulant effects of direct thrombin inhibitors. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 2002 Aug;28(4):361–368
  47. Swan SK, Hursting MJ. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of argatroban: effects of age, gender, and hepatic or renal dysfunction. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Mar;20(3):318–329
  48. Eriksson BI, Dahl OE, Rosencher N, et al. Oral dabigatran etexilate vs. subcutaneous enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement: the RE-MODEL randomized trial. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2007 Nov;5(11):2178–2185
  49. Sanford M, Plosker GL. Dabigatran etexilate. Drugs. 2008;68(12):1699–1709
  50. Boehringer-Ingelheim . Pradaxa – Summary of product characteristics. [22-03-2009]; Available from: http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/pradaxa/H-829-PI-en.pdf2009;
  51. Gogarten W, Van Aken H, Büttner J, et al. Regional anaesthesia and thromboembolism prophylaxis/anticoagulation – revised recommendations of the German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Anästhesiologie & Intensivmedizin. 2007;48:S48–S124
  52. Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: american college of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th ed.). Chest. 2008 Jun;133(6 Suppl):381S–453S
  53. Hull RD, Pineo GF, Stein PD, et al. Timing of initial administration of low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis in patients following elective hip arthroplasty: a systematic review. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2001 Sep 10;161(16):1952–1960
  54. Metzler H, Kozek-Langenecker S, Huber K. Antiplatelet therapy and coronary stents in perioperative medicine–the two sides of the coin. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology. 2008 Mar;22(1):81–94
  55. Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2007 Nov 15;357(20):2001–2015
  56. Montalescot G, Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, et al. Prasugrel compared with clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (TRITON-TIMI 38): double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Feb 28;373(9665):723–731
  57. Tantry US, Bliden KP, Gurbel PA. Prasugrel. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 2006 Dec;15(12):1627–1633
  58. Farid NA, Smith RL, Gillespie TA, et al. The disposition of prasugrel, a novel thienopyridine, in humans. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 2007 Jul;35(7):1096–1104
  59. Lilly E. Efient – summary of product characteristics. [cited 2009 13-04-2009]; Available from: www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/Efient/H-984-PI-en.pdf2009;
  60. Dasgupta H, Blankenship JC, Wood GC, et al. Thrombocytopenia complicating treatment with intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors: a pooled analysis. American Heart Journal. 2000 Aug;140(2):206–211
  61. Huang F, Hong E. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition and its clinical use. Current Medicinal Chemistry. Cardiovascular and Hematological Agents. 2004 Jul;2(3):187–196
  62. Marder VJ, Rosove MH, Minning DM. Foundation and sites of action of antithrombotic agents. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Haematology. 2004 Mar;17(1):3–22
  63. Steinhubl SR. Assessing platelet function during treatment with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists. Coronary Artery Disease. 2003 Aug;14(5):381–386

PII: S1521-6896(09)00068-8

doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2009.09.004

Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology
Volume 24, Issue 1 , Pages 121-131 , March 2010

Article Tools