« Previous
Next »
Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology
Volume 23, Issue 2
, Pages 145-157
, June 2009
The ‘third space’ – fact or fiction?
References
- Oncotic pressures opposing filtration across non-fenestrated rat microvessels. The Journal of Physiology. 2004;557:889–907
- . Volume therapy in cardiac surgery: are Americans different from Europeans?. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2006;20:98–105
- A rational approach to perioperative fluid therapy. Anesthesiology. 2008;109:723–740
- Expedition glycocalyx. A newly discovered ‘Great Barrier Reef’. Anaesthesist. 2008;57:959–969
- . Fluid therapy and surgical outcomes in elective surgery: a need for reassessment in fast-track surgery. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2006;202:971–989
- . Clinical update: perioperative fluid management. Lancet. 2007;369:1984–1986
- Determinants of insensible fluid loss. Perspiration, protein shift and endothelial glycocalyx. Anaesthesist. 2007;56:747–764
- . Intraoperative fluid restriction improves outcome after major elective gastrointestinal surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2005;101:601–605
- . Normal endothelium. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. 2006;1:1–40
- . Fluid resuscitation: colloids vs. crystalloids. Blood Purification. 2000;20:239–242
- . Crystalloids vs. colloids in fluid resuscitation: a systematic review. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27:200–210
- . Avoiding latrogenic hyperchloremic acidosis – call for a new crystalloid fluid. Anesthesiology. 2000;92:625–626
- Effects of intravenous fluid restriction on postoperative complications: comparison of two perioperative fluid regimens: a randomized assessor-blinded multicenter trial. Annals of Surgery. 2003;238:641–648
- Effect of intraoperative fluid management on outcome after intraabdominal surgery. Anesthesiology. 2005;103:25–32
- Influence of different volume replacement strategies on inflammation and endothelial activation in the elderly undergoing major abdominal surgery. Intensive Care Medicine. 2004;30:416–422
- IV fluids during surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1990;65:726–729
- Ringer's lactate with or without 3% dextran-60 as volume expanders during abdominal aortic surgery. Critical Care Medicine. 1991;19:36–42
- Liberal versus restrictive fluid administration to improve recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, double-blind study. Annals of Surgery. 2004;240:892–899
- . Colloids versus crystalloids and tissue oxygen tension in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2001;93:405–409
- Preoperative intravenous fluid therapy decreases postoperative nausea and pain in high risk patients. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2005;100:675–682
- Normal saline versus lactated Ringer's solution for intraoperative fluid management in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: an outcome study. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2001;93:817–822
- . Compensatory fluid administration for preoperative dehydration – does it improve outcome?. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2002;46:1089–1093
- . Is crystalloid preloading useful in spinal anaesthesia in the elderly?. Anaesthesia. 1990;45:241–243
- . Prevention and treatment of hypotension during central neural block. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1993;70:672–680
- . Kidney dysfunction in the postoperative period. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2005;95:20–32
- . Fluid and electrolyte physiology. In: Miller RD editors. Anesthesia. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingston; 2005;p. 1763–1798
- Elevated flow rate during cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with fluid accumulation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2007;134:587–593
- Effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;359:1812–1818
- Changes in intravascular volume during acute normovolemic hemodilution and intraoperative retransfusion in patients with radical hysterectomy. Anesthesiology. 2000;92:657–664
- Changes in blood volume and hematocrit during acute preoperative volume loading with 5% albumin or 6% hetastarch solutions in patients before radical hysterectomy. Anesthesiology. 2001;95:849–856
- Hypertonic sodium lactate versus lactated ringer's solution for intravenous fluid therapy in operations on the abdominal aorta. Surgery. 1983;94:41–51
- Serum osmolar and electrolyte changes associated with large infusions of hypertonic sodium lactate for intravascular volume expansion of patients undergoing aortic reconstruction. Surgery Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1987;164:127–136
- . Evidence for conservative fluid administration following elective surgery. Annals of Surgery. 2003;238:649–650
- Are lactated Ringer's solution and normal saline solution equal with regard to coagulation?. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2002;94:378–384
- Crystalloid vs. colloid resuscitation: is one better? A randomized clinical study. Surgery. 1979;85:129–139
- . Water loss by evaporation from the abdominal cavity during surgery. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. 1977;143:279–284
- Blood volume is normal after preoperative overnight fasting. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2008;52:522–529
- Pre-operative fasting guidelines: an update. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2005;49:1041–1047
- Exact measurement of the volume effect of 6% hydoxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (Voluven) during acute preoperative normovolemic hemodilution. Anaesthesist. 2003;52:896–904
- . Quantitative analysis of fluid balance during abdominal surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2007;104:347–354
- Extracellular fluid volume expansion and third space sequestration at the site of small bowel anastomoses. British Journal of Surgery. 1983;70:36–39
- . Perioperative fluid management and clinical outcomes in adults. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2005;100:1093–1106
- . Fluid therapy for the surgical patient. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology. 2006;20:265–283
- . Acute change in extracellular fluids associated with major surgical procedures. Annals of Surgery. 1961;154:803–810
- . Fluid resuscitation following injury: rationale for the use of balanced salt solutions. Critical Care Medicine. 1976;4:46–54
- . Hemorrhage and operation cause a contraction of the extracellular space needing replacement – evidence and implications? A systematic review. Surgery. 2006;139:419–432
- . Serum albumin: touchstone or totem?. Anaesthesia. 1998;53:789–803
- . Plasma volume regulation: defences against edema formation (with special emphasis on hypoproteinemia). American Journal of Nephrology. 1993;13:399–412
- . Ringer's lactate solution and extracellular fluid volume in the surgical patient: a critical analysis. Annals of Surgery. 1969;169:149–164
- . Common perioperative problems and the anaesthetist. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1988;
- . Extracellular fluid and colloid osmotic pressure in abdominal vascular surgery. A study of volume changes. Danish Medical Bulletin. 1991;1991(38):9–21
- . The distribution of body fluids following hemorrhage and resuscitation in combat casualties. Surgery Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1970;130:453–458
- Technical and physiological background of plasma volume measurement with indocyanine green - a clarification of misunderstandings. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2007;102:1235–1242
- . Sodium and sulfate distributions in dogs after hemorrhagic shock. Surgical Forum. 1969;20:1–2
- . Intracellular and extracellular fluid volume during surgery. British Journal of Surgery. 1968;55:594–596
- . Critique of extracellular space measurements with small ions: Na24 and Br82 spaces. Science. 1955;121:34–36
- . Simultaneous determination of extracellular water by 35-sulphate and 82-bromide in dogs, with a note on the acute effects of hypotensive shock. Surgical Forum. 1967;18:37–39
- Evaluation of the sulphate space as a measure of extracellular fluid. Surgical Forum. 1967;18:39–41
- . Blood volume and body fluid compartment changes soon after closed and open intracardiac surgery. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1966;52:698–705
- Plasma volume and sulfate spaces in acute combat casualties. Surgery Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1969;128:719–724
- Modifications of blood volume alter the disposition of markers of blood volume, extracellular fluid, and total body water. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1999;291:1308–1316
- . Simultaneous distribution rate and dilution volume of bromide-82 and thiocyanate in body fluid overload: experimental and clinical correlation. Annals of Surgery. 1974;179:200–208
- Extracellular fluid deficit following operation and its correction with Ringer's lactate. A reassessment. Annals of Surgery. 1985;202:1–8
- Extracellular fluid volume replacement in hemorrhagic shock. Surgical Forum. 1963;14:10–12
- . Fluid therapy in hemorrhagic shock. Archives of Surgery. 1964;88:688–693
- . The distribution between the intravascular and interstitial compartments of commonly utilized replacement fluids. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1969;48:831–838
- . The effect of trauma on extracellular water volume. Archives of Surgery. 1968;97:206–214
- . Validity of concept of increased extracellular fluid after open heart surgery. Surgical Forum. 1969;20:169–171
- . Increased extracellular fluid after open intracardiac operation. Surgery Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1970;131:53–56
- . Proceedings: the measurement of extracellular fluid volume with radiobromide simultaneous plasma and lymph disappearance in man. British Journal of Surgery. 1973;60:903
- . Loss of fluid and blood to the peritoneal cavity during abdominal surgery. Surgery. 1971;69:284–287
- . Acute alterations of body composition after open intracardiac operations. Circulation. 1970;41:331–341
- . Changes of the apparent 3HOH, 82Br, 125I human albumin and 51Cr red blood cell dilution volumes before, during and after operation in human subjects. Annals of Surgery. 1970;172:116–124
- . Extracellular fluid volume and distribution in relation to changes in plasma colloid osmotic pressure after major surgery. A randomized study. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. 1985;151:221–225
- . A comparison of the distribution volumes of inulin and (51 Cr)EDTA in man and nephrectomized dogs. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. 1972;30:267–270
- . Inulin distribution volume, plasma volume, and colloid osmotic pressure before and after major surgery. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. 1974;140:505–507
- . Body water distribution after operation. Surgery Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1977;144:35–41
- Effect of intraoperative intravenous crystalloid infusion on postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynaecological laparoscopy: comparison of 30 and 10 ml kg(-1). British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2004;93:381–385
- Liberal versus restrictive fluid management in knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind study. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2007;105:465–474
- Mechanisms regulating endothelial cell barrier function. American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 2000;279:L419–L422
- . On the absorption of fluid from the connective tissue spaces. The Journal of Physiology (London). 1896;19:312–326
- . Volume preloading is not essential to prevent spinal-induced hypotension at caesarean section. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1995;75:262–265
- Effect of crystalloid and colloid preloading on uteroplacental and maternal haemodynamic state during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1995;75:531–535
- Randomized study of intravenous fluid preload before epidural analgesia during labour. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2000;85:311–313
- . Rapid administration of crystalloid preload does not decrease the incidence of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1992;68:394–397
- . Fatal postoperative pulmonary edema: pathogenesis and literature review. Chest. 1999;115:1371–1377
- . Degree of substitution and volume expanding effect of various medium molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch solutions. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 1994;106:416–421
- Hydrocortisone preserves the vascular barrier by protecting the endothelial glycocalyx. Anesthesiology. 2007;107:776–784
- . The endothelial surface layer. Pflügers Archiv. 2000;440:653–666
- Endothelial glycocalyx as an additional barrier determining extravasation of 6% hydroxyethyl starch or 5% albumin solutions in the coronary vascular bed. Anesthesiology. 2004;100:1211–1223
- Atrial natriuretic peptide induces shedding of endothelial glycocalyx in coronary vascular bed of guinea pig hearts. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2005;289:H1993–H1999
- The endothelial glycocalyx affords compatibility of Starling‘s principle and high cardiac interstitial albumin levels. Cardiovascular Research. 2007;73:575–586
- Influence of the endothelial glycocalyx on cerebral blood flow in mice. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 2000;20:1571–1578
- . Oxidized lipoproteins degrade the endothelial surface layer: implications for platelet-endothelial cell adhesion. Circulation. 2000;101:1500–1502
- Loss of endothelial glycocalyx during acute hyperglycemia coincides with endothelial dysfunction and coagulation activation in vivo. Diabetes. 2006;55:480–486
- Contrasting effects of colloid and crystalloid resuscitation fluids on cardiac vascular permeability. Anesthesiology. 2006;104:1223–1231
- . A new view of Starling's hypothesis at the microstructural level. Microvascular Research. 1999;58:281–304
- Starling forces that oppose filtration after tissue oncotic pressure is increased. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2000;279:H1724–H1736
- . Starling: the formulation of his hypothesis of microvascular fluid exchange and its significance after 100 years. Experimental Physiology. 1997;82:1–30
- . Permeability of frog mesenteric capillaries after partial pronase digestion of the endothelial glycocalyx. The Journal of Physiology. 1990;428:1–13
- Chappell D, Hofmann-Kiefer K, Jacob M, et al. TNF-α induced shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx is prevented by hydrocortisone and antithrombin. Basic Research in Cardiology 2009; 104: 78--89.
- . The stress response to trauma and surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2000;85:109–117
- . Metabolic response to severe surgical illness: overview. World Journal of Surgery. 2000;24:705–711
- Changes in serum electrolyte and atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations, acid-base and haemodynamic status after rapid infusion of isotonic saline and Ringer lactate solution in healthy volunteers. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1990;64:606–610
- Central venous pressure – a physiological stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide in humans?. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 1987;131:265–272
- Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;358:125–139
- A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2004;350:2247–2256
- The glycocalyx of the human umbilical vein endothelial cell. An impressive structure ex vivo but not in culture. Circulation Research. 2009;104:1313–1317
PII: S1521-6896(09)00029-9
doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2009.05.001
© 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology
Volume 23, Issue 2
, Pages 145-157
, June 2009
