Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology
Volume 23, Issue 2 , Pages 173-181 , June 2009

Isotonic and hypertonic crystalloid solutions in the critically ill

References 

  1. Lobo DN, Macafee DA, Allison SP. How perioperative fluid balance influences postoperative outcomes. Best Practice and Research Clinical Anaesthesiology. 2006;20:439–455
  2. Callum KG, Gray AJG, Hoile RW, et al. Extremes of age: the 1999 report of the national confidential inquiry into perioperative deaths. London: National Confidential Inquiry into Perioperative Deaths; 1999;
  3. Modig J. Advantages of dextran 70 over Ringer acetate in shock treatment and in prevention of adult respiratory distress syndrome. A randomized study in man after traumatic-haemorrhagic shock. Resuscitation. 1983;10:219–226
  4. Hariri RJ, Firlick AD, Shepard SR, et al. Traumatic brain injury, hemorrhagic shock, and fluid resuscitation: effects on intracranial pressure and brain compliance. Journal of Neurosurgery. 1993;79:421–427
  5. Feinstein AJ, Patel MB, Sanui M, et al. Resuscitation with pressors after traumatic brain injury. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2005;201:536–545
  6. Wiedemann HP, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, et al. Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2006;354:2564–2575
  7. Cotton BA, Guy JS, Morris JA, Abumrad NN. The cellular, metabolic, and systemic consequences of aggressive fluid resuscitation strategies. Shock. 2006;26:115–121
  8. Mc Nelis J, Marini CP, Jurkiewicz A, et al. Predictive factors associated with the development of abdominal compartment syndrome in the surgical intensive care unit. Archives of Surgery. 2002;137:133–136
  9. Balogh Z, McKinley BA, Holcomb JB, et al. Both primary and secondary abdominal compartment syndrome can be predicted early and are harbingers of multiple organ failure. The Journal of Trauma. 2003;54:848–859
  10. Kirkpatrick AW, Balogh Z, Ball CG, et al. The secondary abdominal compartment syndrome: iatrogenic or unavoidable?. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2006;202:668–679
  11. Balogh Z, McKinley BA, Cocanour CS, et al. Supranormal trauma resuscitation causes more cases of abdominal compartment syndrome. Archives of Surgery. 2003;138:637–642
  12. O'Mara MS, Slater H, Goldfarb IW, Caushaj PF. A prospective, randomized evaluation of intra-abdominal pressures with cristalloid and colloid resuscitation in burn patients. The Journal of Trauma. 2005;58:1011–1018
  13. Madigan MC, Kemp CD, Johnson JC, Cotton BA. Secondary abdominal compartment syndrome after severe extremity injury: are early, aggressive fluid resuscitation strategies to blame?. The Journal of Trauma. 2008;64:280–285
  14. Verheij J, van Lingen A, Raijmakers PG, et al. Effect of fluid loading with saline or colloids on pulmonary permeability, oedema and lung injury score after cardiac and major vascular surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2006;96:21–30
  15. Sperry JL, Minei JP, Frankel HL, et al. Early use of vasopressors after injury: caution before constriction. The Journal of Trauma. 2008;64:9–14
  16. Shoemaker WC, WO CCJ. Circulatory effects of whole blood, packed red cells, albumin, starch, and crystalloids in resuscitation of shock and acute critical illness. Vox Sanguinis. 1998;2(74 Suppl):69–74
  17. Waxman AB, Ward N, Thompson T, et al. Roundtable debate: controversies in the management of the septic patient–desperately seeking consensus. Critical Care. 2005;9:E1
  18. Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, Thompson BT, et al. ARDS Clinical Trials Network. Pulmonary-artery versus central venous catheter to guide treatment of acute lung injury. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2006;354:2213–2224
  19. Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;358:125–139
  20. Finfer S, Bellomo R, Boyce N, et al. A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2004;350:2247–2256
  21. Upadhyay M, Singhi S, Murlidharan J, et al. Randomized evaluation of fluid resuscitation with crystalloid (saline) and colloid (polymer from degraded gelatin in saline) in pediatric septic shock. Indian Pediatrics. 2005;42:223–231
  22. Boldt J, Scholhorn T, Mayer J, et al. The value of an albumin-based intravascular volume replacement strategy in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2006;103:191–199
  23. Harvey S, Harrison DA, Singer M, et al. Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheters in the management of patients in intensive care (PAC-Man): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:472–477
  24. Richard C, Warszawski J, Anguel N, et al. Early use of the pulmonary artery catheter and outcomes in patients with shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2003;290:2713–2720
  25. Wills BA, Nguyen MD, Ha TL, et al. Comparison of three fluid solutions for resuscitation in dengue shock syndrome. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2005;353:877–889
  26. Myburgh J, Cooper DJ, Finfer S, et al. Saline or albumin for fluid resuscitation in patients with traumatic brain injury. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2007;357:874–884
  27. Finfer S, Bellomo R, McEvoy S, et al. Effect of baseline serum albumin concentration on outcome of resuscitation with albumin or saline in patients in intensive care units: analysis of data from the saline versus albumin fluid evaluation (SAFE) study. British Medical Journal. 2006;333:1044
  28. Stephens R, Mythen M. Optimizing intraoperative fluid therapy. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 2003;16:385–392
  29. Morgan TJ. The meaning of acid-base abnormalities in the intensive care unit: Part III – effects of fluid administration. Critical Care. 2005;9:204–211
  30. Toung TJ, Nyquist P, Mirski MA. Effect of hypertonic saline concentration on cerebral and visceral organ water in an uninjured rodent model. Critical Care Medicine. 2008;36:256–261
  31. Toung TJ, Chen CH, Lin C, Bhardwaj A. Osmotherapy with hypertonic saline attenuates water content in brain and extracerebral organs. Critical Care Medicine. 2007;35:526–531
  32. Ragaller M, Müller M, Bleyl JU, et al. Hemodynamic effects of hypertonic hydroxyethylstarch 6% solution and isotonic hydroxyethyl starch 6% solution after declamping during abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Shock. 2000;13:367–373
  33. Järvelä K, Koskinen M, Kaukinen S, Kööbi T. Effects of hypertonic saline (7.5%) on extracellular fluid volumes compared with normal saline (0.9%) and 6% hydroxyethyl starch after aortocoronary bypass graft surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2001;15:210–215
  34. Freshman SP, Battistella FD, Matteucci M, Wisner DH. Hypertonic saline (7.5%) versus mannitol: a comparison for treatment of acute head injuries. The Journal of Trauma. 1993;35:344–348
  35. Berger S, Schurer L, Hartl R, et al. Reduction of post-traumatic intracranial hypertension by hypertonic/hyperoncotic saline/dextran and hypertonic mannitol. Neurosurgery. 1995;37:98–107
  36. Francony G, Fauvage B, Falcon D, et al. Equimolar doses of mannitol and hypertonic saline in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure. Critical Care Medicine. 2008;36:795–800
  37. Wenham TN, Hormis AP, Andrzejowski JC. Hypertonic saline after traumatic brain injury in UK neuro-critical care practice. Anaesthesia. 2008;63:558–559
  38. Horn P, Munch E, Vajkoczy P, et al. Hypertonic saline solutions for control of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with exhausted response to mannitol and barbiturates. Neurological Research. 1999;21:758–764
  39. Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, et al. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. II. Hyperosmolar therapy. Journal of Neurotrauma. 2007;(24S1):S14–S20
  40. Tseng MY, Al-Rawi PG, Czosnyka M, et al. Enhancement of cerebral blood flow using systemic hypertonic saline therapy improves outcome in patients with poor-grade spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2007;107:274–282
  41. Stravitz RT, Kramer AH, Davern T, et al. Intensive care of patients with acute liver failure: recommendations of the U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Critical Care Medicine. 2007;35:2498–2508
  42. Gonzales EA, Kozar RA, Suliburk JW, et al. Conventional dose hypertonic saline provides optimal gut protection and limits remote organ injury after gut ischemia reperfusion. The Journal of Trauma. 2006;61:66–73
  43. Toung TJ, Chang Y, Lin J, Bhardwaj A. Increases in lung and brain water following experimental stroke: effect of mannitol and hypertonic saline. Critical Care Medicine. 2005;33:203–208
  44. Powers KA, Wo J, Khadaroo RG, et al. Hypertonic resucitation of hemorrhagic shock upregulates the anti-inflammatory response by alveolar macrophages. Surgery. 2003;134:312–318
  45. Rizoli SB, Kapus A, Parodo J, Rotstein OD. Hypertonicity prevents lipopolysaccharide-stimulated CD11b/CD18 expression in human neutrophils in vitro: role for p38 inhibition. The Journal of Trauma. 1999;46:794–798
  46. Angle N, Hoyt DB, Coimbra R, et al. Hypertonic saline resuscitation diminishes lung injury by suppressing neutrophil activation after hemorrhagic shock. Shock. 1998;9:164–170
  47. Homma H, Deitch EA, Feketeova E, et al. Small volume resuscitation with hypertonic saline is more effective in ameliorating trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury, neutrophil activation and red blood cell dysfunction than pancreatic protease inhibition. The Journal of Trauma. 2005;59:266–272
  48. Deitch EA, Shi HP, Feketeova E, et al. Hypertonic saline resuscitation limits neutrophil activation after trauma-hemorrhagic shock. Shock. 2003;19:328–333
  49. Kolsen-Petersen JA, Rasmussen TB, Krog J, et al. Infusion of hypertonic saline (7.5%) does not change neutrophil oxidative burst or expression of endothelial adhesion molecules after abdominal hysterectomy. The Journal of Trauma. 2006;61:1100–1106
  50. Rizoli SB, Rhind SG, Shek PN, et al. The immunomodulatory effects of hypertonic saline resuscitation in patients sustaining traumatic hemorrhagic shock: a randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial. Annals of Surgery. 2006;243:47–57
  51. Bulger EM, Jurkovich GJ, Nathens AB, et al. Hypertonic resuscitation of hypovolemic shock after blunt trauma: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Surgery. 2008;143:139–148
  52. Oda J, Ueyama M, Yamashita K, et al. Hypertonic lactated saline resuscitation reduces the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome in severely burned patients. The Journal of Trauma. 2006;60:64–71
  53. Schroth M, Plank C, Meissner U, et al. Hypertonic-hyperoncotic solutions improve cardiac function in children after open-heart surgery. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e76–e84
  54. Bunn F, Roberts I, Tasker R, Akpa E. Hypertonic versus near isotonic crystalloid for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2004;CD002045

PII: S1521-6896(08)00103-1

doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2008.12.002

Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology
Volume 23, Issue 2 , Pages 173-181 , June 2009